In Theory X management, what is primarily needed to manage employees effectively?

In Theory X management, the underlying assumption is that employees are inherently lazy, lack ambition, and require close supervision to achieve organizational goals. This perspective leads to the belief that a hierarchical structure is necessary to manage employees effectively. Such a structure facilitates a clear chain of command, enabling managers to exert authority and closely monitor the work of their subordinates. In this context, managers can implement strict oversight and control, reinforcing the idea that employees need direction and motivation primarily through external means rather than intrinsic motivation.

Using a hierarchical structure allows for defined roles, responsibilities, and a clear reporting system, which aligns with the Theory X view that employees will not perform unless they are directed. Therefore, this management style aligns well with the characteristics and operations of a hierarchical organizational structure, making it the most fitting choice for managing employees under this theory.