What category does communication that includes both upward and downward paths fall into?

The correct category for communication that includes both upward and downward paths is formal communications. This type of communication is structured and often follows established protocols within an organization. It encompasses messages that flow from the top levels of management downward to employees (downward communication), as well as feedback and information that move from employees back to management (upward communication).

Formal communications are essential for conveying critical information, directives, policies, and procedures. They maintain organizational coherence and clarity, promoting an understanding of goals and expectations at all levels. By encompassing both directions, formal communication helps to ensure that strategic initiatives are communicated effectively while allowing for employee feedback and engagement.

In contrast, informal communications are generally unstructured and can occur spontaneously among employees without formal approval or channels, thus not fitting the criteria of covering both upward and downward pathways. Horizontal communications refer to exchanges between peers or colleagues at the same level, and change management communications focus specifically on messages regarding changes within an organization, rather than encompassing both upward and downward flows.