What type of communication includes messages that flow vertically from top management to employees?

The type of communication that includes messages flowing vertically from top management to employees is referred to as downward communications. This communication typically involves directives, policies, organizational goals, and other information that leaders or management share with their teams.

Downward communication is essential for setting the direction of an organization and ensuring that employees understand their roles and the expectations placed upon them. It helps in creating a structured flow of information where strategic objectives set by management can be communicated effectively to all levels of staff. This form of communication often includes memos, press releases, emails from management, and team meetings where leaders convey important updates.

The other types of communication have distinct characteristics. Upward communications involve messages flowing from employees to management, conveying feedback, suggestions, or concerns. Formal communications refer to structured messages that follow predefined channels, which can include both upward and downward flows. Horizontal communications occur between individuals or departments at the same organizational level, facilitating collaboration and coordination without involving higher management.